Purpose. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the approach of using an electromagnetic tracking (EMT) system for measuring\nthe effects of stepwise, simulated knee injuries on patellofemoral (PF) and tibiofemoral (TF) kinematics. Methods. Three cadaver\nknees were placed in a motion rig. EMT sensors were mounted on the patella, the medial/lateral femoral epicondyles, the tibial\ncondyle, and the tibial tuberosity (TT). After determining the motion of an intact knee, three injuries were simulated and the\nresulting bony motion was tracked. Results. Starting with the intact knee fully extended (0âË?Ë? flexion) and bending it to approximately\n20âË?Ë?, the patella shifted slightly in the medial direction. Then, while bending the knee to the flexed position (90âË?Ë? flexion), the patella\nshifted progressively more laterally. After transecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the base of the medial menisci (MM) at\nthe pars intermedia, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL), individual changes were observed. For example, themedial femoral\nepicondyle displayed a medial lift-off in all knees. Conclusion.We demonstrated that our EMT approach is an acceptablemethod to\naccurately measure PF joint motion. This method could also enable visualization and in-depth analysis of in vivo patellar function\nin total knee arthroplasty, if it is established for routine clinical use.
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